Respiration

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Respiration

The breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy is called respiration.


TYPE OF RESPIRATION
1- Aerobic respiration
2-Anaerobic respiration

Aerobic respiration - In mitochondria, the glucose is broken down to release a large amount of energy in the presence of oxygen.

Anaerobic respiration -In crypto plasma, the glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen.

Glycolysis 

The conversion of glucose into 2 pyruvic acid or pyruvate is called glycolysis.

Respiration in plants 

Plants do not have a special system for respiration. It has different Organs.
 
Leaves- stomata
Roots-    Root hairs
Stem-     Lenticels

Respiration in animals

Animals have well-developed organs for respiration.

Porifera- Body Surface
Cockroach - Spiracles
Frog- Gills, lungs & skin
Fish- Gills
Human- lungs

Human respiratory system 

Nostril

A pair of nostrils help in the Conduction of air. The hairs and Mucus help infiltration of air.

Nasal Chamber

It is a passage for air travels thrown nasopharynx to the trachea.

Trachea

It is a tube-like structure that connects to Bronchi.

Bronchi

The Bronchi terminate into left and right Brochures.

Bronchioles

The bronchioles are divided are primary, secondary or Bronchioles.

Lungs

A pair of lungs are present in the chest cavity lungs are muscular structures having small alveoli which help in the exchange of gases.

Breathing

The inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide.

Steps of breathing

1- Inspiration - Intake of oxygen

• Ribs move upward and outward with intercostal muscles.
• Diaphragm becomes flat.

2- Expiration - Throwing out of carbon dioxide.

• Ribs move downward and inward with abdominal muscles.
• Diaphragm becomes dome-shaped.

Gaseous exchange

Nostril -  Lungs - Blood - Haemoglobin + oxygen  - oxyhaemoglobin complex - Blood - cell respiration - Co2+Haemoglobin - Blood Lungs - Nostril out




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