Control and Coordinates

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Movement  

The Movement is defined as the body parts of the plants moving towards the stimulus.

Stimulus

Any external factor like light, water, chemical etc. that plant parts responds to.

• Plant shows movement only, no locomotion.

Phototropism- Photo+tropism= light

When a plant's parts show a response toward the light is called Phototropism.

Positive Phototropism

The stem shows positive phototropism or grows above the soil in the direction of the sun.

Negative Phototropism

Roots show negative phototropism as they grow below the soil away from the sun.

Plant movement

1- Trophism
2- Nastic
 
1- Trophism 
a) Phototropism- Light Ex- Sunflower
b) Hydrotropism- water Ex- Roots tve hydrotropism stems ve hydrotropism
c) Geotropism- Gravity Ex- Roots Geotrophism
Roots ve Geotropism
d) Chemotropism- chemical Ex Movement of pollen tubes towards the ovary.
e) Thigmotopism- touch Ex- Tendril of money plant

2- Nastic
a) Photonastic- light Ex (i)Dandelion (Daylight) (Morning flower)
(ii) Moonlight flower ( Nightlight) (Evening flower)
b) Thigmonastic - Touch Ex- Touch me not ( Mimosa pudica)

Plant hormones

The chemical substances required by plants for their metabolic activities are called plant hormones or phytohormones.

Plants have two types of hormones

1) Growth Promoter
a) Auxin
•Cell division
•Cell Elongation
•Increase of Height implant
•It is light-sensitive,  separated in opposite directions of the sum.
•Responsible for Bending
b) Gibberellin
•Cell division
•Cell Elongation
•Break dormancy of seed
• Growth of roots
c) Cytokinin
•Cell division
•Cell Elongation
•Growth of seeds 
• Ripening of Fruits
• Opening of stomata

2) Growth inhabited
a) Ethylene
•Gaseous 
•Artifical ripening of fruits
•Abscission of leaves
b) Absiccic acid (ABA)
•Aging of plant
•Abscission of leaves
•Dormancy of seeds
•Closing of stomata







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